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As human beings, we tend to normalise dramatic psychological disturbances.

Every baby lives with sudden changes in their mother’s disposition. Each has to develop ways to deal with their mother’s sudden changes from soft to hard, present to absent.

Bertha Pappenheim was the child of two loving parents. However, it seems her father was too enchanted by the imaginative aspect of her personality.

Like Dorothy suddenly finding herself in Munchkinland in The Wizard of Oz, Bertha doesn’t seem daunted by the strange land of psychotherapy.

Amalia Nathansohn was born in Brody, then part of Galicia, now a town of 24,000 people in Ukraine, in 1835.